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      OIE Health Code - FMD

      C H A P T E R 2 . 2 . 1 0 .

      FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

      Article 2.2.10.1.

      For the purposes of the Terr estrial Code, the incubation period for foot and mouth disease (FMD) shall be 14 days. For the purposes of this Chapter, ruminants include animals of the family of Camelidae.

      For the purposes of this Chapter, a case includes an animal infected with FMD virus (FMDV). For the purposes of international trade, this Chapter deals not only with the occurrence of clinical signs caused by FMDV, but also with the presence of infection with FMDV in the absence of clinical signs.

      The following defines the occurrence of FMDV infection:

      1. FMDV has been isolated and identified as such from an animal or a product derived from that animal; or
      2. viral antigen or viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) specific to one or more of the serotypes of FMDV has been identified in samples from one or more animals, whether showing clinical signs consistent with FMD or not, or epidemiologically linked to a confirmed or suspected outbr eak of FMD, or giving cause for suspicion of previous association or contact with FMDV; or
      3. antibodies to structural or nonstructural proteins of FMDV that are not a consequence of vaccination, have been identified in one or more animals showing clinical signs consistent with FMD, or epidemiologically linked to a confirmed or suspected outbreak of FMD, or giving cause for suspicion of previous association or contact with FMDV.

      Standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines are described in the T err estrial Manual.

      Article 2.2.10.2.

      FMD free country where vaccination is not practised

      Susceptible animals in the FMD free country where vaccination is not practised should be separated from neighbouring infected countries by a buffer zone, or physical or geographical barriers, and animal health measures that effectively prevent the entry of the virus should be implemented.

      To qualify for inclusion in the existing list of FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised, a country should:

      1. have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
      2. send a declaration to the OIE stating that: a) there has been no outbr eak of FMD during the past 12 months; b) no evidence of FMDV infection has been found during the past 12 months; c) no vaccination against FMD has been carried out during the past 12 months; d) no vaccinated animal has been introduced since the cessation of vaccination;
      3. supply documented evidence that:

      a) surveillance for both FMD and FMDV infection in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. is in operation;

      b) regulatory measures for the prevention and control of FMD have been implemented.

      The country will be included in the list only after the submitted evidence has been accepted by the OIE. Retention on the list requires that the information in points 2 and 3a) above be submitted annually to the OIE.

      Article 2.2.10.3.

      FMD free country where vaccination is practised

      Susceptible animals in the FMD free country where vaccination is practised should be separated from neighbouring infected countries by a buffer zone or by physical/geographical barriers, and animal health measures that effectively prevent the entry of the virus should be implemented.

      To qualify for inclusion in the list of FMD free countries where vaccination is practised, a country should:

      1. have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
      2. send a declaration to the OIE that there has been no outbr eak of FMD for the past 2 years and no evidence of FMDV circulation for the past 12 months, with documented evidence that:

      a) surveillance for FMD and FMDV circulation in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. is in operation, and that regulatory measures for the prevention and control of FMD have been implemented;

      b) routine vaccination is carried out for the purpose of the prevention of FMD;

      c) the vaccine used complies with the standards described in the Terrestrial Manual.

      The country will be included in the list only after the submitted evidence has been accepted by the OIE. Retention on the list requires that the information in point 2 above be submitted annually to the OIE.

      If an FMD free country where vaccination is practised wishes to change its status to FMD free country where vaccination is not practised, the country should wait for 12 months after vaccination has ceased then notify the OIE and provide evidence showing that FMDV circulation has not occurred during that period.

      Article 2.2.10.4.

      FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised

      An FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised can be established in either an FMD free country where vaccination is practised or in a country of which parts are infected. In defining such zones the principles of Chapter 1.3.5. should be followed. Susceptible animals in the FMD free zone should be separated by a buffer zone or by physical/geographical barriers from the rest of the country and from neighbouring countries if they are of a different animal health status, and animal health measures that effectively prevent the entry of the virus should be implemented.

      A country in which an FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised is to be established should:

      1. have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
      2. send a declaration to the OIE stating that it wishes to establish an FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised, and that within the proposed FMD free zone:

      a) there has been no outbr eak of FMD during the past 12 months;

      b) no evidence of FMDV infection has been found during the past 12 months;

      c) no vaccination against FMD has been carried out during the past 12 months;

      d) no vaccinated animal has been introduced into the zone since the cessation of vaccination, except in accordance with Article 2.2.10.9.;

      e) documented evidence shows that surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. is in operation for both FMD and FMDV infection;

      3. describe in detail: a) regulatory measures for the prevention and control of both FMD and FMDV infection, b) the boundaries of the proposed FMD free zone and, if applicable, the buffer zone or physical or

      geographical barriers, c) the system for preventing the entry of the virus (including the control of the movement of susceptible animals) into the proposed FMDV free zone (in particular if the procedure described in Article 2.2.10.9. is implemented), and supply documented evidence that these are properly implemented and supervised.

      The proposed free zone will be included in the list of FMD free zones where vaccination is not practised only after the submitted evidence has been accepted by the OIE. The information required in points 2 and 3c) above should be submitted annually as well as any relevant

      changes under points 3a) and 3b).

      Article 2.2.10.5.

      FMD free zone where vaccination is practised

      An FMD free zone where vaccination is practised can be established in either an FMD free country where vaccination is not practised or in a country of which parts are infected. In defining such zones the principles of Chapter 1.3.5. should be followed. Susceptible animals in the FMD free zone where vaccination is practised should be separated by a buffer zone or by physical/geographical barriers from the rest of the country and from neighbouring countries if they are of a different animal health status, and animal health measures that effectively prevent the entry of the virus should be implemented.

      A country in which an FMD free zone where vaccination is practised is to be established should:

      1. have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
        1. send a declaration to the OIE that it wishes to establish an FMD free zone where vaccination is practised and that within the proposed FMD free zone; a) there has been no outbr eak of FMD for the past 2 years; b) no evidence of FMDV circulation for the past 12 months;
        2. c) documented evidence shows that surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. is in operation for FMD and FMDV circulation;
      2. supply documented evidence that the vaccine used complies with the standards described in the Ter rest rial Manual;
      3. describe in detail: a) regulatory measures for the prevention and control of both FMD and FMDV circulation, b) the boundaries of the proposed FMD free zone where vaccination is practised and, if

      applicable, the buffer zone or physical or geographical barriers, c) the system for preventing the entry of the virus into the proposed FMD free zone (in particular if the procedure described in Article 2.2.10.9. is implemented), and supply evidence that these are properly implemented and supervised.

      The proposed free zone will be included in the list of FMD free zones where vaccination is practised only after the submitted evidence has been accepted by the OIE. The information required in points 2, 3 and 4c) above should be submitted annually as well as any relevant changes under points 4a) and 4b).

      If a country that has an FMD free zone where vaccination is practised wishes to change the status of the zone to FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised, a waiting period of 12 months after vaccination has ceased is required and evidence must be provided showing that FMDV infection has not occurred in the said zone during that period.

      Article 2.2.10.6.

      FMD infected country or zone

      An FMD infected country is a country that does not fulfil the requirements to qualify as either an FMD free country where vaccination is not practised or an FMD free country where vaccination is practised.

      An FMD infected zone is a zone that does not fulfil the requirements to qualify as either an FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised or an FMD free zone where vaccination is practised.

      Article 2.2.10.7.

      Establishment of a containment zone within an FMD free country or zone

      In the event of a limited outbr eak within an FMD free country or zone with or without vaccination, a single containment zone, which includes all cases, can be established for the purpose of minimizing the impact on the entire country or zone. For this to be achieved, the Vet erinary Authorit y should provide documented evidence that:

      1. the out break is limited based on the following factors:

      a) immediately on suspicion, a rapid response including notification has been made;

      b) standstill of animal movements has been imposed, and effective controls on the movement of other commodities mentioned in this chapter are in place;

      c) epidemiological investigation (trace-back, trace-forward) has been completed;

      d) the infection has been confirmed;

      e) the source of the outbr eak has been identified;

      f) all cases have been shown to be epidemiologically linked;

      1. surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. demonstrates that there are no undetected cases in the containment zone;
      2. a stamping-out policy has been applied;
      3. increased passive and targeted surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. in the rest of the country or zone has been carried out and has not detected any evidence of infection;
      4. measures to prevent spread of the infection from the cont ainment zone to the rest of the country or zone, including ongoing surveillance in the containment zone, are in place.

      The free status of the areas outside the containment zone would be suspended pending the establishment of the containment zone. The suspension of free status of these areas could be lifted irrespective of the provisions of Article 2.2.10.8., once the containment zone is clearly established, by complying with points 1 to 5 above.

      The recovery of the FMD free status of the containment zone should follow the provisions of Article 2.2.10.8.

      Article 2.2.10.8.

      Recovery of free status

      1. When an FMD outbreak or FMDV infection occurs in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised, one of the following waiting periods is required to regain the status of FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised:

      a) 3 months after the last case where a st amping-out policy and serological surveillance are applied in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7.; or

      b) 3 months after the slaughter of all vaccinated animals where a stamping-out policy, emergency vaccination and serological surveillance are applied in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7.; or

      c) 6 months after the last case or the last vaccination (according to the event that occurs the latest), where a stamping-out policy, emergency vaccination not followed by the slaughtering of all vaccinated animals, and serological surveillance are applied in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7., provided that a serological survey based on the detection of antibodies to nonstructural proteins of FMDV demonstrates the absence of infection in the remaining vaccinated population.

      Where a stamping-out policy is not practised, the above waiting periods do not apply, and Article 2.2.10.2. or 2.2.10.4. applies.

      2. When an FMD outbreak or FMDV infection occurs in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised, one of the following waiting periods is required to regain the status of FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised:

      a) 6 months after the last case where a st amping-out policy, emergency vaccination and serological surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. are applied, provided that the serological surveillance based on the detection of antibodies to nonstructural proteins of FMDV demonstrates the absence of virus circulation; or

      b) 18 months after the last case where a st amping-out policy is not applied, but emergency vaccination and serological surveillance in accordance with Appendix 3.8.7. are applied, provided that the serological surveillance based on the detection of antibodies to nonstructural proteins of FMDV demonstrates the absence of virus circulation.

      Article 2.2.10.9.

      Transfer directly to slaughter of FMD susceptible animals from an infected zone to a free zone within a country

      FMD susceptible animals should only leave the infected zone if moved by mechanised transport to the nearest designated abat toir located in the buffer zone directly to slaughter.

      In the absence of an abat toir in the buffer zone, live FMD susceptible animals can be transported to the nearest abat toir in a free zone directly to slaughter only under the following conditions:

      1. no FMD susceptible animal has been introduced into the establishment of origin and no animal in the est ablishment of origin has shown clinical signs of FMD for at least 30 days prior to movement;
      2. the animals were kept in the est ablishment of origin for at least 3 months prior to movement;
      3. FMD has not occurred within a 10-kilometre radius of the establishment of origin for at least 3 months prior to movement;
      4. the animals must be transported under the supervision of the Veterinary Authorit y in a vehicle, which was cleansed and disinfected before loading, directly from the est ablishment of origin to the abattoir without coming into contact with other susceptible animals;
      5. such an abattoir is not approved for the export of fresh meat during the time it is handling the meat of animals from the infected zone;
      6. vehicles and the abattoir must be subjected to thorough cleansing and disinfection immediately after use.

      All products obtained from the animals and any products coming into contact with them must be considered infected, and treated in such a way as to destroy any residual virus in accordance with Appendix 3.6.2.

      Animals moved into a free zone for other purposes must be moved under the supervision of the Veterinary Authority and comply with the conditions in Article 2.2.10.12.

      Article 2.2.10.10.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised or FMD free zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary Authorities should require: for FMD susceptible animals the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the animals:

      1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised since birth or for at least the past 3 months;
      3. have not been vaccinated.

      Article 2.2.10.11.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is practised or from FMD free zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary Authorities should require: for domestic ruminants and pigs the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the animals:

      1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept in an FMD free country or zone since birth or for at least the past 3 months; and
      3. have not been vaccinated and were subjected, with negative results, to tests for antibodies against FMD virus, when destined to an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised.

      Article 2.2.10.12.

      When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Authorities should require: for domestic ruminants and pigs the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the animals:

      1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
        1. were kept in the establishment of origin since birth, or a) for the past 30 days, if a stamping-out policy is in force in the expor ting country, or b) for the past 3 months, if a stamping-out policy is not in force in the exporting country, and that FMD has not occurred within a ten-kilometre radius of the establishment of origin for the
        2. relevant period as defined in points a) and b) above; and
        1. were isolated in an establishment for the 30 days prior to shipment, and all animals in isolation were subjected to diagnostic tests (probang and serology) for evidence of FMDV infection with negative
        2. results at the end of that period, and that FMD did not occur within a ten-kilometre radius of the est ablishment during that period; or
      2. were kept in a quar antine station for the 30 days prior to shipment, all animals in quarantine were subjected to diagnostic tests (probang and serology) for evidence of FMDV infection with negative results at the end of that period, and that FMD did not occur within a ten-kilometre radius of the quarantine station during that period;
      3. were not exposed to any source of FMD infection during their transportation from the quar antine station to the place of shipment.

      Article 2.2.10.13.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised or FMD free zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary Authorities should require: for fresh semen of domestic ruminants and pigs the presentation of an international veterinar y certificate attesting that:

        1. the donor animals: a) showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen; b) were kept in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised for at least
        2. 3 months prior to collection;
      1. the semen was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.2., as relevant.

      Article 2.2.10.14.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised or FMD free zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary Authorities should require: for frozen semen of domestic ruminants and pigs the presentation of an international veterinar y certificate attesting that:

      1. the donor animals:

      a) showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen and for the following 30 days;

      b) were kept in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised for at least 3 months prior to collection;

      2. the semen was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.2., as relevant.

      Article 2.2.10.15.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is practised or from FMD free zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for semen of domestic ruminants and pigs the presentation of an international veterinar y certificate attesting that:

      1. the donor animals: a) showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen and for the following

      30 days; b) were kept in a country or zone free from FMD for at least 3 months prior to collection; c) if destined to an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised:

      i) have not been vaccinated and were subjected, not less than 21 days after collection of the semen, to tests for antibodies against FMD virus, with negative results; or ii) had been vaccinated at least twice, with the last vaccination not more than 12 and not less than one month prior to collection;

      1. no other animal present in the artificial insemination centr e has been vaccinated within the month prior to collection;
      2. the semen:

      a) was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.2., as relevant;

      b) was stored in the country of origin for a period of at least one month following collection, and during this period no animal on the est ablishment where the donor animals were kept showed any sign of FMD.

      Article 2.2.10.16.

      When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Authorities should require: for semen of domestic ruminants and pigs the presentation of an international veterinar y certificate attesting that:

      1. the donor animals:

      a) showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen;

      b) were kept in an est ablishment where no animal had been added in the 30 days before collection, and that FMD has not occurred within 10 kilometres for the 30 days before and after collection;

      c) have not been vaccinated and were subjected, not less than 21 days after collection of the semen, to tests for antibodies against FMD virus, with negative results; or

      d) had been vaccinated at least twice, with the last vaccination not more than 12 and not less than one month prior to collection;

      1. no other animal present in the artificial insemination centr e has been vaccinated within the month prior to collection;
      2. the semen:

      a) was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.2., as relevant;

      b) was subjected, with negative results, to a test for FMDV infection if the donor animal has been vaccinated within the 12 months prior to collection;

      c) was stored in the country of origin for a period of at least one month following collection, and during this period no animal on the est ablishment where the donor animals were kept showed any sign of FMD.

      Article 2.2.10.17.

      Irrespective of the FMD status of the exporting countr y or zone, Veterinary Authorities should authorise without restriction on account of FMD the import or transit through their territory of in vivo derived embryos of cattle subject to the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the embryos were collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Appendix 3.3.1. or Appendix 3.3.3., as relevant.

      Article 2.2.10.18.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised or FMD free zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary Authorities should require: for in vitro produced embryos of cattle the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:

      1. the donor females: a) showed no clinical sign of FMD at the time of collection of the oocytes; b) were kept in a country or zone free from FMD at the time of collection;
      2. fertilisation was achieved with semen meeting the conditions referred to in Articles 2.2.10.13., 2.2.10.14., 2.2.10.15. or 2.2.10.16., as relevant;
      3. the oocytes were collected, and the embryos were processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Appendix 3.3.2. or Appendix 3.3.3., as relevant.

      Article 2.2.10.19.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is practised or from FMD free zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary Authorities should require: for in vitro produced embryos of cattle the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:

        1. the donor females: a) showed no clinical sign of FMD at the time of collection of the oocytes; b) were kept in a country or zone free from FMD for at least 3 months prior to collection; c) if destined for an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised:
        2. i) have not been vaccinated and were subjected, with negative results, to tests for antibodies against FMD virus; or ii) had been vaccinated at least twice, with the last vaccination not less than one month and not more than 12 months prior to collection;
      1. no other animal present in the establishment has been vaccinated within the month prior to collection;
      2. fertilization was achieved with semen meeting the conditions referred to in Articles 2.2.10.13., 2.2.10.14., 2.2.10.15. or 2.2.10.16., as relevant;
      3. the oocytes were collected, and the embryos were processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Appendix 3.3.2. or Appendix 3.3.3., as relevant.

      Article 2.2.10.20.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised or FMD free zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for fresh meat of FMD susceptible animals

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the entire consignment of meat comes from animals which:

      1. have been kept in the FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised since birth, or which have been imported in accordance with Article 2.2.10.10., Article 2.2.10.11. or Article 2.2.10.12.;
      2. have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir and have been subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results.

      Article 2.2.10.21.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is practised or from FMD free zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for fresh meat of cattle and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) (excluding feet, head and viscera)

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the entire consignment of meat comes from animals which:

      1. have been kept in the FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised since birth, or which have been imported in accordance with Article 2.2.10.10., Article 2.2.10.11. or Article 2.2.10.12.;
      2. have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir and have been subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results.

      Article 2.2.10.22.

      When importing from FMD free countries where vaccination is practised or from FMD free zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for fresh meat or meat products of pigs and ruminants other than cattle and buffaloes

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the entire consignment of meat comes from animals which:

      1. have been kept in the FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised since birth, or which have been imported in accordance with Article 2.2.10.10., Article 2.2.10.11. or Article 2.2.10.12.;
      2. have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir and have been subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results.

      Article 2.2.10.23.

      When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, where an official control programme exists, involving compulsory systematic vaccination of cattle, Veterinary Authorities should require: for fresh meat of cattle and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) (excluding feet, head and viscera) the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the entire consignment of meat:

      1. comes from animals which: a) have remained in the expor ting country for at least 3 months prior to slaughter;

      b) have remained, during this period, in a part of the country where cattle are regularly vaccinated against FMD and where official controls are in operation;

      c) have been vaccinated at least twice with the last vaccination not more than 12 months and not less than one month prior to slaughter;

      d) were kept for the past 30 days in an est ablishment, and that FMD has not occurred within a ten-kilometre radius of the establishment during that period;

      e) have been transported, in a vehicle which was cleansed and disinfected before the cattle were loaded, directly from the establishment of origin to the approved abatt oir without coming into contact with other animals which do not fulfil the required conditions for export;

      f) have been slaughtered in an approved abat toir :

      i) which is officially designated for export;

      ii) in which no FMD has been detected during the period between the last disinfection carried out before slaughter and the shipment for export has been dispatched;

      g) have been subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results within 24 hours before and after slaughter;

      2. comes from deboned carcasses: a) from which the major lymphatic nodes have been removed; b) which, prior to deboning, have been submitted to maturation at a temperature above + 2B0C

      for a minimum period of 24 hours following slaughter and in which the pH value was below

      6.0 when tested in the middle of both the longissimus dorsi.

      Article 2.2.10.24.

      When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Authorities should require: for meat product s of domestic ruminants and pigs the presentation of an international veterinar y certificate attesting that:

      1. the entire consignment of meat comes from animals which have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir and have been subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results;
      2. the meat has been processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in conformity with one of the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.1.;
      3. the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the meat products with any potential source of FMD virus.

      Article 2.2.10.25.

      When importing from FMD free countries or zones (where vaccination either is or is not practised), Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for milk and milk pr oducts intended for human consumption and for products of animal origin (from FMD susceptible animals) intended for use in animal feeding or for agricultural or industrial use

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these products come from animals which have been kept in the country or zone since birth, or which have been imported in accordance with Article 2.2.10.10., Article 2.2.10.11. or Article 2.2.10.12.

      Article 2.2.10.26.

      When importing from FMD infected countries or zones where an official control programme exists, Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for milk, cream, milk powder and milk products

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:

      1. these products:

      a) originate from herds or flocks which were not infected or suspected of being infected with FMD at the time of milk collection;

      b) have been processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in conformity with one of the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.5. and in Article 3.6.2.6.;

      2. the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the products with any potential source of FMD virus.

      Article 2.2.10.27.

      When importing from FMD infected countries, Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for blood and meat-meals (from domestic or wild ruminants and pigs)

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the manufacturing method for these products included heating to a minimum core temperature of 70B0C for at least 30 minutes.

      Article 2.2.10.28.

      When importing from FMD infected countries, Veterinary Authorities should require: for wool, hair, bristles, raw hides and skins (from domestic or wild ruminants and pigs)

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:

      1. these products have been processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in conformity with one of the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.2., Article 3.6.2.3. and Article 3.6.2.4.;
      2. the necessary precautions were taken after collection or processing to avoid contact of the products with any potential source of FMD virus.

      Veterinary Authorities can authorise, without restriction, the import or transit through their territory of semi-processed hides and skins (limed hides, pickled pelts, and semi-processed leather -e.g. wet blue and crust leather), provided that these products have been submitted to the usual chemical and mechanical processes in use in the tanning industry.

      Article 2.2.10.29.

      When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Authorities should require: for straw and forage

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these commodities:

      1. are free of grossly identifiable contamination with material of animal origin;
      2. have been subjected to one of the following treatments, which, in the case of material sent in bales, has been shown to penetrate to the centre of the bale:

      a) either to the action of steam in a closed chamber such that the centre of the bales has reached a minimum temperature of 80B0C for at least 10 minutes,

      b) or to the action of formalin fumes (formaldehyde gas) produced by its commercial solution at 35-40% in a chamber kept closed for at least 8 hours and at a minimum temperature of 19B0C;

      OR

      3. have been kept in bond for at least 3 months (under study) before being released for export.

      Article 2.2.10.30.

      When importing from FMD free countries or zones (where vaccination either is or is not practised), Veterinary Authorities should require:

      for skins and trophies derived from FMD susceptible wild animals

      the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these products are derived from animals that have been killed in such a country or zone, or which have been imported from a country or zone free of FMD (where vaccination either is or is not practised).

      Article 2.2.10.31.

      When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Authorities should require: for skins and trophies derived from FMD susceptible wild animals the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these products have been processed to

      ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in conformity with the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.7.